Morphology morphology is the study of word formation, of the structure of words. Cases of this sort are often termed folk etymology. Use it to build your ability to work out the meanings of hundreds of words quickly. Folk etymology is a process by which a synchronically isolated and unmotivated word, or a word con stituent, is in an etymologically and diachronically incorrect way new ly or secondarily. In linguistics, word formation is the creation of a new word. Folk etymology folk etymology refers to words or short phrases in a language being derived by false etymological assumptions. Id appreciate if you explain the choice in q 6, word formation test exercises multiple choice questions with answers advanced level 40. While in classical time it was dealing with meanings, today etymology deals with the history of. Backformation, creating a new word by removing or changing parts of an existing word, is often based on folk etymology.
Types of words and word formation processes in english the morpheme the smallest units of language that have a meaning or a grammatical function and form words or parts of words are called morphemes. Pr is an axiomatically formalised wordformation theory in the itemandprocess tradition, with the following basic ideas. Folk etymology as a linguistic phenomenon magistra anastasia castillo presentation elaboration english language and literature studies linguistics publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. The underlying principle of folk etymology is that speakers of a language expect all the wordsand every part of a wordin their language to be legitimate english words or affixes suffix or prefix. Although abbreviation is largely a convention of written language, sometimes abbreviations carry over into spoken language. Use the words above and any other words that you think are relevant to answer the following questions. Compounding derivation invention echoism clipping acronymy blending backformation folk etymology antonomasia reduplication compounding the joining of two or more words into a single word.
In writing, individual morphemes are usually represented by their graphic form, or spelling. Folk etymology, pseudoetymology, or reanalysis is change in the word or phrase over time resulting from the replacement of an unfamiliar form by the more familiar one. Abbreviation is the word formation process in which a word or phrase is shortened. The first step in the etymological processing of toponyms consists of the language survey. Jan 15, 2001 some people use the term folk etymology to describe a fanciful story behind a words origin. Discuss anything semantically unpredictable about any of the derived forms in each set. Folk etymology is when an unfamiliar word is altered through common use to resemble a more familiar word. But etymologists use this term in a very specific, and different, way.
The new word has a different part of speech from the original word. Morphology and word formation kissed, freedom, stronger, follow, awe, goodness, talkative, teacher, actor. Backformation backformation is the process of shortening a long word by cutting off an affix to form a new word. By taking individual words and looking into their actual origin, you can achieve a more complete understanding of them. Thus, it deserves a more comprehensive study in order to get better insights into the word formation process in english. Folk etymology as a linguistic phenomenon magistra anastasia castillo presentation. A folk etymology is an etymology that was generated by folk interpretations, where etymology is in the sense of the facts relating to the formation or derivation, not in the sense of tracing that derivation. Backformation, creating a new word by removing or changing parts of an existing. Recall that we found a set of words that are derived from other words by truncation e. The result is that speakers think it has a different origin than it does. Word formation in english, many of the words we know, both new and old, are formed from roots in.
It is the process when someone feels need to form a new word. Root creation is a term in wordformation for the creation of a new root, base, or simple word. In fact, derivation is by far the most common word formation process in the creation of new english words. Trasks dictionary of historical and comparative linguistics or the entry p 142 in the concise oxford dictionary of linguistics or folk etymology in winfred lehmanns historical linguistics. This process is called affixation, a term which covers both prefixation and suffixation. A term in wordformation for the creation of a new root, base, or simple word. The word folketymology has often been considered to be an impre cise and inadequate linguistic term. I propose that folk etymology is really just a mechanism for using language creatively and humorously and at its roots has very little to do with etymology.
In heraldry, a rebus coatofarms which expresses a name by one or more elements only significant by virtue of the supposed etymology may reinforce a folk etymology for a noun proper, usually of a place. The wordformation component wf component of a linguistic system provides the wordformation pat. Initialisms are a type of abbreviation formed by the initial letters of a word or phrase. These isolated examples lead us to the primary source of change in morphology operative in other domains as well. And one more thing the same test, q 8, in the example sentence, dont we say laugh at each other thank you very much.
In arabic, there are nine processes of word formation. The process is rare compared with compounding and derivation, and is divided into motivated rootcreation a write short notes on contamination contamination is a process that is viewed as damaging to the receiving language. Word formation compounding words, blending and clipping. There are a core of cases where the word is attested from for example latin, to old french, to middle english to english. Pdf folk etymology is a process that adapts unknown words or parts of words to known ones in certain languages, thus integrating them into. This guide to word formation is supplied as a supplement to the oxford south african concise dictionary. These three have in common not only their meaning, but also the fact that each contains an alveolar fricative phoneme, either s or z. If you want to find the information on english word formation, go to the following link.
Compounding derivation invention echoism clipping acronymy blending back formation folk etymology antonomasia reduplication compounding the joining of two or more words into a single word. Concise oxford companion to the english language authors. Nov 23, 2018 id appreciate if you explain the choice in q 6,word formation test exercises multiple choice questions with answers advanced level 40. A process similar to folk etymology may result in the change to the meaning of the word based on an imagined etymology connecting it to an unrelated but similarsounding word. Derivation derivation, as the most common word formation process, builds new words by adding morphemes word formation by affixes by prefixes. But some words have meaning only when used with other words 3. A small number of words change their shape in fairly obvious ways due to processes like. The boundary between word formation and semantic change can be difficult to define as a new use of an old word can be seen as a new word derived from an old one and identical to it in form. For the most part, the core of the derivational process is an already existing word, to which we attach. Word formation is sometimes contrasted with semantic change, which is a change in a single word s meaning. If a word, like selfie was created within historical times, its origin is described. Word formation test exercises multiple choice questions. Clipping is the word formation process in which a word is reduced or shortened without changing the meaning of the word.
Aspects of the old english semantics of building and. The discipline that analyses the origin, formation, and development of the word is defined as etymology. Folk etymologies of the class ii type, on the other hand, do not usually change the meaning or form of the word, but function mainly as some popular, though false, etymological explanation of the word lexicology, semantics, and lexicography, 2000. Folk etymologies are based on misperceptions of foreign words as native words. The term folk etymology is a loan translation from german volksetymologie, coined by ernst forstemann in 1852. Section 10 toponymic research and documentation chapter. This may involve a change in either the morphological form of a word andor its pronunciation, or may simply involve a popular but false belief among a languages speakers regarding the etymology of a word.
Sfaict a lot of etymology is based on comparative linguistics. Often this comes about either through the confusion of the foreign or obsolete word similar to types a and b above with the more common word, but it can also result. Some people use the term folk etymology to describe a fanciful story behind a words origin. A words birthday is usually given as the date of the first known usage of the word in print. Word formation test exercises multiple choice questions with answers advanced level 40 39 free online english grammar quizzes tests exercises about word formation test exercises multiple choice questions with answers advanced level 40. Class i is by far the more common type of folk etymology. When a backformation rests on a misunderstanding of the morphology of the original word, it may be regarded as a kind of folk etymology. If a folk etymology is shown or rather supported to be true, its no longer folk. Like so many fashions and styles of artistic expression in europe back then, the word had its origins in italy. Folk etymology is a productive process in historical linguistics, language change, and social interaction. For example, the latin word febrifuge a plant with medicinal properties, etymologically fever explore was modified into english as feverfew. The result showed that the most productive process of creating english new words was affixation. By taking individual words and looking into their actual origin, you can achieve a.
This process frequently occurs when one language borrows a word from. Clipping differs from backformation in that the new word retains the meaning of the original word. Word formation is sometimes contrasted with semantic change, which is a change in a single words meaning. Etymology investigates and documents the lives mainly the origins of words. As pointed out earlier, wordformation tries to explain the processes through which we can create new word forms.
Word formation process on kerata basa ini tidak terdapat. A process, in which a word is altered, resembles partially to the word from which it is derived. Types of words and wordformation processes in english the morpheme the smallest units of language that have a meaning or a grammatical function and form words or parts of words are called morphemes. Folk etymology as a linguistic phenomenon publish your. But, if we were to apply such a concept to the majority of common english words today, this would result in considerable confusion. Nila kartika putri 10320040 humanities and culture department of. Folk etymology or reanalysis sometimes called popular etymology, analogical reformation. Many folk etymologies are cases of reanalysis in which the word is not only reanalysis but it changes under the influence of the new understanding of its morphemes.
A morphophonological approach to clipping in english. Folk etymology a popular idea of a words origin that is not in accordance with its real origin. Hence, through the process of folk etymology cater corner becomes kitty. Weve already seen some of these at work when we looked at morphemes and word classes, but now well investigate them a little more closely, initially using exploratory methods again, rather than just looking at long lists of morphemes and listing their functions. Word formation process on kerata basa ini tidak terdapat karya yang. Unanalyzable borrowings from foreign languages, like asparagus, or old compounds such as samblind which have lost air iconic motivation since one or more of the morphemes making am up, like sam, which meant semi, has.
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